Vitiligo

Vitiligo is a skin condition where patches of skin lose their natural color due to the absence of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin tone. These patches can appear anywhere on the body and may gradually spread over time. Although it is not contagious or harmful to physical health, vitiligo can have a strong emotional and social impact.

Causes of Vitiligo

Vitiligo occurs when pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) are destroyed or stop functioning. Common contributing factors include:

• Autoimmune reactions where the immune system attacks melanocytes
• Genetic predisposition
• Environmental triggers such as sunburn, chemical exposure, or stress

Types of Vitiligo

• Segmental Vitiligo – affects one part/side of the body
• Non-Segmental Vitiligo – more widespread, often symmetrical patches
• Focal Vitiligo – limited to a few small areas

Treatment Options

While there is no single cure, effective treatments can help restore pigmentation and control spreading:

• Topical therapies (corticosteroids, immunomodulators)
• Phototherapy (narrowband UVB, excimer laser)
• Micropigmentation (medical tattooing) for stable patches
• Surgical options (melanocyte or skin grafting in select cases)
• Counseling & support to manage psychological impact